作者:佚名 来源:本站原创 点击数: 更新时间:2008年09月16日【字体：大 中 小】
芬戈莫德FTY-720是从蝉幼虫的子囊菌培养液中提取的抗生素成分ISP-I经化学修饰后合成的新型免疫抑制剂，化学名为2-(4-正辛基苯乙基)-2-氨基丙二醇盐酸盐，结构式见图l。
图芬戈莫德 FTY-720的结构式
芬戈莫德FTY-720为鞘氨醇-l-磷酸(s1P)受体调节剂，在体内经磷酸化后与淋巴细胞表面的s1P受体结合，改变淋巴细胞的迁移，促使细胞进入淋巴组织，阻止其离开淋巴组织进入移植物，从而达到免疫抑制的效果。
Budde等的研究表明，FTY-20单次口服给药(0．25-3．5mg/d)，能引起可逆性淋巴细胞减少，且患者耐受性良好。FTY．720不仅能有效预防排斥反应的发生，对已经发生的排斥反应也可以起到一定的逆转效应，并能显著延长移植物的生存时间，而且FTY-720与环孢素csA和普乐可复FK506具有协同抑制作用。
在salvadori等的研究中，FTY-720(5．0mg，qd)与低剂量CsA(3—4mg/d/kg)联合治疗肾移植排斥反应，因急性排斥反应发生率明显升高而被迫提前终止。虽然FTY-720(2．5mg，qd)与全剂量CsA(8一10mg/d/kg)对肾移植急性排斥反应的联合治疗效果与MMF(1g，bid)和全剂量csA的联合治疗效果相当，但FTY-720治疗组肾功能降低、黄斑水肿、心动过缓、肌肝清除率降低以及呼吸道阻力增加等不良反应的发生率较MMF组明显升高。为此，诺华公司终止了FTY-720治疗肾移植排斥反应的进一步研究。但芬戈莫德FTY-720作为第一个slP受体调节剂，为免疫抑制剂的开发提供了新的思路。目前，诺华公司仍在继续进行其他slP受体调节剂的研究与开发。
EAST HANOVER, N.J., Oct. 12, 2007- New preclinical data presented at European Committee for Treatment and Research of Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) in Prague suggests that FTY720 (fingolimod) directly reduces neurodegeneration and enhances repair of the central nervous system (CNS) damage caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) by interacting with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1P-R) expressed on brain cells. This mechanism of action may be in addition to the established anti-inflammatory role of FTY720 that is mediated by the reduction of inflammatory immune cells, called lymphocytes, from reaching the brain.
FTY720 is a novel, once-daily, oral treatment currently in worldwide Phase III clinical development to test its safety and efficacy as a disease modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting MS, which affects approximately 85% of people with multiple sclerosis.
The potential direct beneficial effect of FTY720 in the CNS is supported by the results of several preclinical experiments being presented at ECTRIMS, including research in animal models of MS and in vitro studies on CNS cells called oligodendrocytes.
In an animal model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats), the administration of FTY720 directly into the CNS resulted in a statistically significant reduction in disease severity. This decrease in disease activity was seen in the absence of a reduction of lymphocytes in the bloodstream, suggesting that the favorable effect of FTY720 seen in this model is due to a direct effect in the CNS that is independent of the effects on peripheral lymphocytes.
In two experiments presented at ECTRIMS, the modulation of S1P-R by the addition of FTY720 resulted in an increase in the number, growth and survival of oligodendrocytes in cell culture. This effect of FTY720 on oligodendrocytes may help limit destruction of myelin and promote its repair and, thus, may contribute to the effectiveness of FTY720 in MS. Oligodendrocytes are cells in the CNS that make a fatty tissue, called myelin, which is necessary for normal signal transfer along nerve fibers in the CNS. Myelin and oligodendrocytes are typically damaged in MS.
"FTY720 crosses the blood-brain barrier and the drug's target - S1P receptors - are present on brain cells, including oligodendrocytes as shown in animal cell studies," said Jack Antel, Professor, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. "We are able to confirm that FTY720 directly modulates the S1P receptors on human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells."
FTY720 is currently being investigated in the largest worldwide Phase III clinical trial program to be conducted in MS to evaluate further its efficacy and safety as a disease modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting MS. This comprehensive program includes trials referred to as FREEDOMS, FREEDOMS II and TRANSFORMS. Recruitment is complete for FREEDOMS and TRANSFORMS. Recruitment is ongoing and on track for FREEDOMS II and FTY720 regulatory filing is planned for the second half of 2009. For more information about the clinical trial program, including eligibility criteria and location of U.S. study sites, patients can call the following toll-free number: 866-788-3930, or visit www.MSClinicalTrials.com.
"Novartis has a significant long-term investment and commitment to multiple sclerosis and neuroscience through its extensive research and development program," said Ludwig Hantson, PhD, Senior VP for Commercial Development & Specialty Businesses at Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. "We believe oral FTY720 is an exciting and promising experimental therapy for MS as shown by the compelling Phase II data. As an oral therapy with a novel mechanism of action and promising efficacy, FTY720 has the potential to be a significant and innovative therapeutic advance."
Phase II Study Results
The six-month, placebo-controlled Phase II study conducted in 281 patients with relapsing MS in 11 countries (Europe and Canada) showed that oral FTY720, taken once-daily, reduced relapse rates by more than 50% compared to placebo and reduced MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) measures of inflammation with approximately 80% of patients free of active brain lesions.
In patients continuously treated with FTY720 for up to two years (placebo-controlled study plus the extension trial), up to 77% of patients were relapse-free and more than 80% of patients were free of active brain lesions at two years.
In the six-month placebo-controlled phase of the Phase II study, the most frequent adverse events reported for FTY720 were dose-dependent upper respiratory tract infections (mainly nasopharyngitis) and dyspnea, plus diarrhea and nausea. FTY720 treatment was associated with initial dose-dependent decreases in heart rate and expiratory air flow. Clinically asymptomatic increases in alanine aminotransferase (liver enzyme) and an increase in blood pressure were also observed. No unexpected adverse events emerged in patients treated for up to 24 months compared with the six-month placebo-controlled phase. There was no further elevation of blood pressure with continued treatment beyond the effect seen at six months.
The ongoing Phase III study program includes comprehensive monitoring, which will provide further characterization of the safety profile of FTY720.
Multiple Sclerosis
MS is the most common disorder of the CNS in young adults, affecting more than an estimated 2.5 million people worldwide. It is a progressive and debilitating disorder caused by the destruction of myelin, which helps neurons carry electrical signals in the brain. MS causes problems with muscle control and strength, vision, balance, sensation and mental function. MS typically presents in relapsing forms involving acute self-limiting attacks of neurological dysfunction (or "relapses") followed by complete or partial restoration of functions.
Disclaimer
This release contains certain forward-looking statements relating to Novartis' business, which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may," "suggests," "suggesting," "potential," "promising," "planned" or similar expressions, or by express or implied statements regarding the potential approval of FTY720 by health authorities for marketing, whether or not FTY720 will be the first orally effective MS treatment, the potential health effects or long-term impact of a patient's use of FTY720, or potential future revenue from FTY720. Such forward-looking statements reflect the current views of Novartis regarding future events, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results with FTY720 to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such statements. There can be no guarantee that FTY720 will be approved for any indications or labeling in any market. Neither can there be any guarantee that, if approved, it will be the first orally effective MS treatment. Neither can there be any guarantee regarding the health effects or long-term impact of a patient's use of FTY720. Neither can there be any guarantees that FTY720 will reach any particular levels of revenue. In particular, management's expectations regarding FTY720 could be affected by, among other things, unexpected clinical trial results, including new clinical trial results and additional analysis of existing results; unexpected regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; competition in general; Novartis' ability to obtain or maintain patent or other proprietary intellectual property protection; government, industry and general public pricing pressures, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AG's current Form 20-F on file with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated or expected. Novartis is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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